2.3ICAG Level 2100 marks

Audit and Assurance

Risk-based audit methodology for private and public sector engagements. From appointment through planning, performance and reporting in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (ISAs).

Builds on: New topic at Level 2

About This Paper

What is Audit and Assurance?

Audit and Assurance introduces candidates to the principles and practice of external audit. The paper follows the full audit cycle — from client acceptance and engagement planning through risk assessment, evidence collection, and reporting. Candidates develop a deep understanding of International Standards on Auditing (ISAs), internal control evaluation, and the responsibilities of auditors under Ghanaian legislation. This paper also covers assurance engagements beyond the statutory audit, including reviews and agreed-upon procedures.

Syllabus Content

What You'll Study

01

Audit framework and regulation

The purpose of audit, legal requirements in Ghana, auditor appointment, independence, and the expectation gap.

02

Risk assessment (ISA 315)

Understanding the entity, inherent risk, control risk, detection risk, and the audit risk model.

03

Audit planning (ISA 300)

Overall audit strategy, audit programme, materiality setting, and audit team briefing.

04

Internal controls evaluation

Types of controls, control testing, walkthrough procedures, and reporting deficiencies to management.

05

Audit evidence (ISA 500)

Sufficiency and appropriateness of evidence; inspection, observation, inquiry, confirmation, and analytical procedures.

06

Completion and reporting

Subsequent events (ISA 560), going concern (ISA 570), management representations (ISA 580), and audit reports.

07

Public sector audit

The role of the Auditor-General of Ghana, value for money audits, and compliance auditing in the public sector.

All Key Topic Areas

Risk-based audit approachISA standardsInternal controlsAudit planning & evidenceAudit reportingPublic sector auditProfessional scepticism
Professional Development

Skills You'll Develop

01
Professional scepticism
02
Risk identification
03
Evidence evaluation
04
Report writing
05
Ethical awareness
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Exam Strategy

How to Pass Audit and Assurance

Audit scenario questions require you to identify specific risks or control weaknesses from the scenario — then link each risk to a suitable audit procedure. Generic audit procedures not tied to the scenario score minimal marks.

Career Outcomes

Where This Paper Takes You

External Auditor

Internal Auditor

Audit Manager

Risk & Compliance Officer

Forensic Accountant

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